Research Article
Abstract
Wastewater from industries in
developing nations are usually discharged into water bodies without adequate
treatment. This study assessed the effect of glass industry wastewater discharge
on the physico-chemical properties of Edor river in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected
from different sampling stations including surface water and wastewater
discharge outlet. Samples were analysed following standard methods and
procedure. Methods including Winkler’s, open reflux, gravimetric, argentometric,
and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) procedures, were employed for specific
measurements like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),
total suspended solids (TSS), chloride and hardness respectively. Portable
meters were used for assessing pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical
conductivity (EC), and turbidity. Additionally, sodium and potassium were measured
using a flame photometer while calcium and magnesium were determined using EDTA
titrimetric method. Colorimetric methods with a UV spectrophotometer were
utilized to determine nitrate, phosphate and sulphate concentrations. Heavy
metals were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The
results of the study showed that some parameters of the recipient water, such
as COD (4.33–26.94 mg/L), BOD (1.93–11.96 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (3.73–5.65
mg/L), TDS (27.93–58.44 mg/L), EC (48.68–101.5 µS/cm), total hardness
(25.37–46.65 mg/L), lead (0.003–3.125 mg/L), manganese (0.586–2.864 mg/L),
cadmium (0.021–4.062 mg/L), and chromium (0.311–3.004 mg/L), were impacted by
the wastewater discharge when compared to the control station. The Water
Quality Index (WQI) of the recipient water ranged from 107.64 to 177.20, while
the wastewater sample and control station had 67.07 and 79.00 respectively,
indicating poor water quality that is unsuitable for drinking. Most of the
parameters investigated were within permissible limits for effluents (FEPA) and
surface waters. However, turbidity, total suspended solids, copper, chromium,
and lead exceeded the permissible limits at a few stations. The findings of the
study showed that the river water quality was negatively impacted by industrial
activities in the study area, and this could likely affect inhabitants who
depend on these water resources for survival. Efforts should therefore be made
by factories and government agencies to ensure continuous monitoring and proper
treatment of industrial wastewater before disposal.
Keywords
Wastewater, glass industry, physico-chemical properties, heavy metals, river.
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This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution
4.0
License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Abstract
Wastewater from industries in
developing nations are usually discharged into water bodies without adequate
treatment. This study assessed the effect of glass industry wastewater discharge
on the physico-chemical properties of Edor river in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected
from different sampling stations including surface water and wastewater
discharge outlet. Samples were analysed following standard methods and
procedure. Methods including Winkler’s, open reflux, gravimetric, argentometric,
and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) procedures, were employed for specific
measurements like biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),
total suspended solids (TSS), chloride and hardness respectively. Portable
meters were used for assessing pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical
conductivity (EC), and turbidity. Additionally, sodium and potassium were measured
using a flame photometer while calcium and magnesium were determined using EDTA
titrimetric method. Colorimetric methods with a UV spectrophotometer were
utilized to determine nitrate, phosphate and sulphate concentrations. Heavy
metals were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The
results of the study showed that some parameters of the recipient water, such
as COD (4.33–26.94 mg/L), BOD (1.93–11.96 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (3.73–5.65
mg/L), TDS (27.93–58.44 mg/L), EC (48.68–101.5 µS/cm), total hardness
(25.37–46.65 mg/L), lead (0.003–3.125 mg/L), manganese (0.586–2.864 mg/L),
cadmium (0.021–4.062 mg/L), and chromium (0.311–3.004 mg/L), were impacted by
the wastewater discharge when compared to the control station. The Water
Quality Index (WQI) of the recipient water ranged from 107.64 to 177.20, while
the wastewater sample and control station had 67.07 and 79.00 respectively,
indicating poor water quality that is unsuitable for drinking. Most of the
parameters investigated were within permissible limits for effluents (FEPA) and
surface waters. However, turbidity, total suspended solids, copper, chromium,
and lead exceeded the permissible limits at a few stations. The findings of the
study showed that the river water quality was negatively impacted by industrial
activities in the study area, and this could likely affect inhabitants who
depend on these water resources for survival. Efforts should therefore be made
by factories and government agencies to ensure continuous monitoring and proper
treatment of industrial wastewater before disposal.
Abstract Keywords
Wastewater, glass industry, physico-chemical properties, heavy metals, river.
This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution
4.0
License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Editor-in-Chief
This work is licensed under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
License.(CC BY-NC 4.0).